Adaptation to Genode 17.05

- Adjust use of exceptions to unified exception types:
  https://genode.org/documentation/release-notes/17.05#Streamlining_exception_types
- Add posix.lib.so as boot module:
  http://genode.org/documentation/release-notes/17.05#POSIX_libc_profile_as_shared_library
- Adaptation to API changes

Ref #74

run/numptyphysics.run

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ set boot_modules {
 	freetype.lib.so
 	jpeg.lib.so
 	libc.lib.so
+	posix.lib.so
 	libm.lib.so
 	libpng.lib.so
 	pthread.lib.so